This volume collects nine chapters discussing various advances in health and disease research. The first chapter is a review of vaccines and immunotherapies against the Human Papillomavirus and the Epstein-Barr virus. The second chapter discusses the implications of plasminogen derangements on health and disease, especially in the onset of infections, neuroinflammatory disorders, and cancer progression. The third chapter reviews the pathogenesis, clinical profiles, and therapeutic approaches for treating Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease. The fourth chapter examines the role of lysine 63 linked ubiquitination in health and disease in the body. The fifth chapter explores a new and innovative approach to controlling and treating canine periodontal disease using a substance known as Nisin. The sixth chapter is an overview of the condition of artefactual hyperprolactinemia. The seventh chapter is an introduction to the novel concept of electronic noses and their potential role in the science of urology. The eighth chapter is a review of causes, pathogenesis, and approaches to patients suffering from lymphocytosis. The ninth and final chapter discusses the use of antimicrobial peptides in coping with pseudomonas aeruginosa.