This book contains nine chapters highlighting advances in health and disease. Chapter One reviews ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis as a therapeutic strategy. Chapter Two is a review of the analytical methodology of ginsenosides and their bioactive properties. Chapter Three explores the management of latent tuberculosis in pregnant, HIV-positive women. Chapter Four focuses on melioidosis pneumonia. Chapter Five explains the importance of DNA methylation in the body. Chapter Six examines the structural pharmacology of antiarrhythmic drug interaction with voltage-gated sodium channels. Chapter Seven explores chemical fractionation and the health risks of heavy metals in PM2.5. Chapter Eight reviews attempts to establish a local diagnostic reference level for adult computed tomography scans in hospitals and diagnostic centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Finally, Chapter Nine explores theory-based educational and behavioral interventions to improve oral anticoagulant adherence.