"Advances in Mathematics Research" presents original studies on the leading edge of mathematics. Each article has been carefully selected in an attempt to present substantial research results across a broad spectrum. Topics discussed include a non-standard practical variational approach via fractional calculus to the optimal control of fractional stochastic systems driven by white noises; metrology for additive manufacturing; computer algorithms and laser metrology; role of metrology on current food safety issues in China; symmetric random vectors whose joint quantum operators span a lie algebra; pseudo regularity in commutative banach algebras; dynamics of viscous barotropic fluid on a rotating sphere; a numerical method for the solution of nonlinear diffusion equations on a sphere; and a mathematical modeling approach to the slug flow problem in oil production.