The chapters in this volume of "Advances in Medicine and Biology," present the latest research in medical research. The book begins with a review of the role of remifentanil in obstetric analgesia. The following chapter examines oculomotor palsy after obstetric anesthesia. Chapter three discusses contemporary diagnostic procedures and the differentiation between benign and malignant ovarian cysts. Chapter four provides a comprehensive overview of available information on dog ovarian cysts. Chapter five examines papain-based carious tissue removal. Chapters six and seven summarize the current understanding of the pathophysiology of pruritis associated with jaundice and the currently available treatment options for the condition, and discuss the rare causes of obstructive jaundice. Chapter eight highlights all aspects that have been studied by various workers affecting the stability of sulfacetamide, particularly, in pharmaceutical systems. Chapter nine examines post-traumatic inflammation of the white matter. Chapter ten reviews the role of dexamethasone before, during and after the surgery, using in vivo and clinical studies. Chapter 11 discusses the 0.7-mg dexamethasone intravitreal implant for the treatment of posterior noninfectious uveitis. The last chapter provides research on the advances and challenges in the structural analysis of milk biomolecules using modern mass spectrometry techniques.