Arterial hypertension is one of the most frequent chronic diseases in the industrialized nations of the West and represents a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the etiology, pathophysiolgy and treatment options of arterial hypertension. Topics include endothelial dysfunction in hypertension; masked arterial hypertension; arterial hypertension in children and adolescence, treatment options, and influence of sex hormones; and target organ damage in hypertensive patients.