This book contains 30 articles and three abstracts of invited talks presented at The Second International Workshop on Biologically Inspired Approaches for Advanced Information Technology (Bio-ADIT 2006) held at Senri Life Science Center, Osaka, Japan, on January 26–27, 2006. Bio-ADIT 2006 follows the s- cess of the first workshop Bio-ADIT 2004, held at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland, in January 2004. The workshop is intended to provide an effective forum for original research results in the field of bio-inspired approaches to advanced information technologies. It also serves to foster the connection between biological paradigms and solutions to building the next-generation information systems. In particular, the aim of the workshop is to explore and discuss how biologically inspired approaches can help in - signing the next generation of information systems which, like their biological counterparts, will be capable of adaptation, self-organization, replication, and self-repair. Wewerehonoredtohavetheparticipationasinvitedspeakersofthreeleading researchers in this field: James C. Liao, Rolf Pfeifer, and Toshio Yanagida. The invitedtalksdealtwiththeveryinterestingsubjectsofbio-inspiredapproachesto information systems, and provided stimulating ideas to the workshop attendees to pursue further research in this exciting field. The articles cover a large range of topics including networking, robotics, evolutionary computation, neural computation, biochemical networks, recon- urable hardware, and machine vision. The contributions range from basic - search in biology and in information technology, to more application-oriented developments in software and in hardware.