Hemodialysis is a machine-aided process that purifies blood for people suffering from acute kidney disease. It is one of the three types of renal replacement therapies. A person requires dialysis if their kidneys are not able to remove the wastes and fluids from their bloodstream. Dialysis utilizes a dialysis machine and a specific filter known as an artificial kidney to filter creatinine, urea, potassium and free water from the blood in the same way as the kidneys work in healthy conditions. There are three major types of hemodialysis: conventional hemodialysis, daily hemodialysis and nocturnal hemodialysis. This process aids in controlling the blood pressure and maintaining essential minerals and fluids in the blood. Some of the prominent complications associated with hemodialysis include fluid shifts, bacterial infections, venous needle dislodgement, anti-coagulation-related issues, cardiovascular issues, electrolyte imbalances and vitamin deficiency. This book outlines the processes and uses of hemodialysis in detail. It consists of contributions made by international experts. This book will provide comprehensive knowledge to the readers.