A branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases is called nephrology. Pediatrics refers to the study and practice of childcare for infants, children and adolescents. Pediatric nephrology is a sub-specialty of nephrology that deals with the treatment of acute and chronic diseases that affect renal function, blood pressure, and fluid and electrolyte disorders in children. The common symptoms of kidney conditions include foamy urine, loss of appetite, severe swelling around the eye, blood clots, etc. Urine examination is the most common and direct test to assess kidney problems. In some cases, blood tests for checking the concentration of hemoglobin, platelets, calcium, urea, or creatinine in the blood are used to assess kidney problems. Imaging techniques such as ultrasonography, computed axial tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are also used to diagnose the structural abnormalities in the kidneys. This book includes some of the vital pieces of works being conducted across the world, on various topics related to pediatric nephrology. It will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.