Since AI has dominated data innovation for more than 20 years, it has played a significant but frequently unnoticed role in our lives. Shrewd information examination will probably turn out to be considerably more common as a prerequisite for mechanical progression because of the steadily growing amounts of information that are becoming available. The main objectives of this chapter are to organise the zoo of issues and to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the numerous applications that have machine learning challenges at their core. The language where various AI issues should be figured out to become agreeable to arrangement, measurements and likelihood hypothesis will next be covered in detail along with some fundamental tools from these fields. Finally, we will present a series of simple yet effective techniques to address a significant categorization challenge. Later chapters of the book will look at more advanced methods, broad concerns, and a complete analysis.