Computed tomography (CT) is a medical procedure that combines computer-processed combinations of X-ray measurements taken from different angles for producing cross-sectional images of specific areas of the scanned object. A three- dimensional volume of the interior of the object is generated using digital geometry processing. Computer tomography can be of different types, such as X-ray CT, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET). CT has applications in medical imaging, disease screening and preventive medicine. The detection of tumors, haemorrhages, infarctions, trauma, acute and chronic lung conditions, abdominal diseases, visualization of venous and arterial vessels, etc. are done using computed tomography scans. This book brings forth some of the most innovative concepts and elucidates the unexplored aspects of computed tomography. The ever growing need of advanced technology for medical diagnosis is the reason that has fueled the research in the field of CT in recent times. As this field is emerging at a rapid pace, the contents of this book will help the readers understand the modern concepts and applications of computed tomography.