Gynecological oncology is a specialization of gynecology that deals with cancers related to the female reproductive system. After breast cancer, cervical cancer is the second most common cause of female-specific cancer occurring globally. The greatest cause associated with cervical cancer is infection with HPV. Uterine cancer is the tenth most common cause of death due to cancer globally. Vaginal cancer can occur in women of all ages, even in infants. Children diagnosed with cancers can be treated with radiation therapy, surgery and chemotherapy. Vaginectomy is a surgical procedure involving the removal of the complete or part of the vagina. It is performed for the treatment of vaginal cancer. Depending on the severity of the cancer, it can be radical or partial. After a radical vaginectomy, vaginal reconstruction or vaginoplasty may be performed for preserving normalcy in terms of aesthetics. This book provides comprehensive insights into the field of gynecological oncology. From theories to research to clinical applications, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to this field have been included in this book. It includes contributions of experts and scientists, which will provide innovative insights into the current status and future perspectives of this field.