This book endeavored to determine if the current organization of the Department of Defense (DoD) and Department of Homeland Security (DHS) best achieves homeland security in a time of diminishing resources. The growing threat to national security posed by the burgeoning federal debt has resulted in budget cuts across all government agencies. The forecasted budget reductions provide increased motivation to ensure the highest benefit is received from the resources allocated. The goal of this study was to identify the areas in which the current organization of DoD and DHS did not best achieve the four goals of homeland security as outlined in the National Strategy for Homeland Security. The results indicated that the current organization of DoD and DHS, with respect to homeland security, does not best achieve homeland security in a time of diminishing resources.