This book encompasses a number of original studies on diversity in cognition. This topic is examined from a wide range of perspectives, including psycholinguistics, linguistic relativity, applied linguistics as well as second language and bilingualism research. The methodological approaches vary from linguistic descriptions and corpus analyses to experimental methods such as eye-tracking or speech elicitation. The book shows that diversity in cognition plays a key role in linguistics encoding, event conceptualization, reception of music and general literacy. Cognitive diversity can even be seen to shape human interaction and communication. The book offers new insights and fresh approaches to the discourse on diversity in and beyond cognition.