Marine and freshwater systems are being placed under pressure like never before. A bigger and more demanding human population has meant increased utilization of aquatic systems and, as such, the need for sustainable solutions to allow the development and conservation of these systems has become an international priority. In order to understand the limits of exploitation, an understanding is needed of the ecological principles that constrain levels of productivity and the systems' responses to exploitation pressure. This timely book explores current exploitation practices, and the ecological basis and consequences of that exploitation. From a consideration of the ecological effects of the extraction of non-living resources, including energy and water itself, it progresses to the biology and ecology of aquatic organisms, and how these underpin the harvesting for aquatic resources. A discussion of the ecological consequences for the system of its use as a means of transport and as a repository for wastes follows, along with the increasing importance of aquatic systems for human recreational pursuits. Finally, effective management strategies for natural hazards, the provision of ecological goods and services, and restoration of aquatic systems are considered, as well as the importance of ecological science in exploitation management. The role of science in providing an understanding of the effects of human intervention in aquatic systems is emphasized throughout, along with a consideration of the role of ecology in the sustainable management of the consequences of human activity. The Online Resource Center to accompany features: For students: DT Library of web links, giving students quick access to a range of additional resources DT Topical updates - surveys of key developments in the field For lecturers: DT Figures