This volume, publishing the proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt (New York, 2011), presents the results of the latest research and discoveries in the field which are leading to a better understanding of the origins of the Ancient Egyptian civilization. The 31 articles are organised under three major headings: Tell el-Farkha and Lower Egyptian Sites; Abydos, Hierakonpolis and Upper Egyptian Sites; Objects and Iconography. Each contribution provides new insights into the variety of factors contributing to the rise of the distinct form of the early Egyptian state. Recent discoveries from major sites such as Hierakonpolis, Abydos, and Tell el Farkha, are the subject of different articles, but also other sites, such as Abu Rawash and the area of the First Cataract, are discussed.