In many European countries, there has been a decline in the agricultural labor force, providing a major challenge for the rural economy and society. This book provides an analysis of rural employment dynamics in European Union (EU) member states. Statistical analysis of socio-economic characteristics of all EU regions is provided. The volume includes 18 in-depth case studies covering leading and lagging regions in 9 EU member states, a discussion of the theory of employment development in rural regions, and recommendations for encouraging rural employment.