This research addresses the issue of the environment, health and quality of life, with an emphasis on the public water supply in the Vila Vitória neighborhood in Imperatriz - MA. The main objective of the research is to analyze the quality of the water offered to the population of the Vila Vitória neighborhood, as well as to identify the reasons why residents do not have water in their taps throughout the day. In order to carry out the study, a bibliographical and documentary review was carried out with authors and laws that deal with the subject, and the hypothetical deductive method with a qualitative and quantitative approach was applied in the development of the research. In the field research, samples of the water distributed to the population were collected for microbiological and bacteriological analysis. Questionnaires were also administered to the residents of the Vila Vitória neighborhood, as well as to the person responsible for handling the well and the Secretariat of Agriculture of Imperatriz - MA. The results of the analysis showed that the water is suitable for consumption, but the deficit in the public supply harms the quality of life of the neighborhood's population, a fact proven by the answers obtained in the questionnaires applied to the interviewees.