This book contains an overview of novel synthesis, characterization, and applications of nanomaterials. Based on an extensive state-of-the-art literature survey and the results obtained by researchers during the past years, this book presents techniques and special applications of classical and modern nanomaterials focus on environmental remediation and preservation. It summarizes up-to-date synthesis and characterization of diverse materials applied to the modern environment concerns such as zero-valent iron soil remediation, phohromic materials for water treatment, carbon nanotubes for gas sensing, phoatalysis, among others. This book is aimed at students, researchers, and engineers who seek general scientific knowledge about nanomaterials with an application-oriented approach.