This title includes a number of Open Access chapters. The rate of identification of children with neurobiological disabilities has been on the increase in recent years. Millions of dollars in research are being spent to understand the factors influencing these increases. The articles within this compendium shed vital light on this issue, confirming that various "ordinary" chemical hazards—of the sort encountered by countless children in their everyday lives—are having serious impacts on development. This volume investigates the impact of exposure to tobacco smoke, household chemicals, lead, agricultural toxins, and flame retardants.