John Henry Newman’s Essays Critical and Historical are articles he originally wrote between 1829 and 1846 and later collected together and republished in 1871. In them Newman deals with some of the key theological issues of his day. They show both the consistency of his theological principles and the trajectory of their development during the Oxford Movement. The essays are more combative than his title suggests―Newman engages with his subjects with vigour, forensic skill, wit, and even satire. We can also detect the approaching crisis of his Anglican belief and his conversion to the Catholic Church in 1845. Many of Newman’s insights have turned out to be prophetic about the controversies of 20th and 21st century Christianity. This is the first critical edition of this work. The Editor has provided an Introduction setting each essay in its context and giving a critical analysis of it. There are also detailed Editor’s Notes to the text, explaining the theological, literary and historical references which are often obscure to the modern reader. A comprehensive Textual Appendix reveals for the first time how radically Newman revised some of the essays for his 1871 edition.