The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs that are roughly the size of a fist. They are located on each side of the spine and just below the rib cage. Kidney diseases refer to those conditions in which kidneys get damaged and are unable to filter blood normally. There are various types of kidney diseases, such as chronic kidney disease, cystinosis, IgA nephropathy, polycystic kidney disease, lupus nephritis, glomerulonephritis, Fabry disease, etc. The diagnosis of kidney diseases is done through urine and blood tests. The key markers utilized for assessing kidney function include estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and abnormal urine albumin levels. Treatment often comprises of measures to control signs and symptoms, slow disease progression and decrease complications. Kidney transplantation and dialysis are two treatments that are utilized for end-stage kidney disease. This book elucidates the innovative researches around prospective developments with respect to kidney diseases. It addresses the causes, diagnoses and therapies for these diseases. The extensive content of this book provides the readers with a thorough understanding of this medical condition.