Foundations of Space Biology and Medicine is a collective scientific work which reviews the most important problems, achievements, and prospects for the development of space biology and medicine. Its purpose is to make available summarized and systematized data on the most important problems of space biology and medicine. The work was developed by a Joint Editorial Board established by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R. Contents of Volume II - Book One Introduction Influence of an Artificial Gaseous Atmosphere of Spacecraft and Stations on the Organism Barometric Pressure and Gas Composition Toxicology of the Air in Closed Spaces Thermal Exchanges and Temperature Stress Effect of Dynamic Flight Factors on the Organism Principles of Gravitational Biology Prolonged Linear and Radial Accelerations Impact Accelerations Angular Velocities, Angular Accelerations, and Coriolis Accelerations Weightlessness Noise and Vibration