2009 marked the 8th anniversary of the adoption of NEPAD as a socio-economic programme of the African Union, whose priority is poverty eradication and regional integration, and as envisioned in the Constitutive Act of the African Union. Amongst many strategies, regional integration is to be attained through the implementation of specific sectoral programmes, particularly in the area of infrastructure development, as well as intra-Africa trade. Regional economic communities (RECs) were designated as regional pillars for delivering on NEPAD objectives. In addition, capacity building of RECs, and member states were identified as critical ingredients for the success of NEPAD. Resource mobilisation, both external, and more importantly domestic, is key thrusts of NEPAD, and so are the principles of African ownership and leadership of the NEPAD process. Most critical to the attainment of the AU vision is the commitment by African leaders to creating the "Preconditions for Sustainable Development," focusing on democracy and good governance. The purpose of this book is therefore to record and document the processes, dynamics, and factors that have influenced the evolution, successes, and challenges of NEPAD in the past 8 years. The book analysis these processes, dynamics, and factors with a view to making recommendations on how the AU and related processes and structures should take into account post the integration of NEPAD into AU structures and processes. It highlights the decisiveness and sacrifices that have to be made by Africans if Africa is to claim the 21st Century. The book also serves as a contribution to Africa's knowledge generation agenda.