The main objective of this book on cosmology and theology is to reassess the current approach to research in the field of interaction, mediation, and dialogue between modern cosmology and Christian theology (Eastern Orthodox theology in particular). This project was part of wide-ranging cross-disciplinary research undertaken by scientists, philosophers, and theologians across the world within the framework of Science & Orthodoxy around the World, run by the National Hellenic Research Foundation (Athens) from 2019 to 2023. The project and this publication contribute to the large-scale academic activity in the field of science and religion (or science and theology) with a particular accent on the contribution of Eastern Orthodox theology to this dialogue, as well as to the venues of advancement of this theology given the recent breakthroughs in cosmology, physics, and philosophy. The book also underlines the importance of expressing cosmological ideas theologically, symbolically, and scientifically in the wide context of culture and humanity's sociopolitical and environmental predicaments.