The FY 2016Malaria Operational Plan supports regional/cross-cutting activities, such as surveillance for antimalarial drug resistance and antimalarial drug quality assurance, and malaria prevention and control activities to reduce malaria transmission in geographically focused cross-border areas with emerging artemisinin resistance. Original key cross-border focus areas were centered on Tanintharyi-Ranong border areas of Burma and Thailand and the Trat/Chanthaburi-Pailin border areas of Thailandand Cambodia. Subsequently, PMI expanded malaria control activities to other target areas within the three focus countries where there was a high burden of malaria and evidence of confirmed or emerging artemisinin resistance including Kayin and southern Rakhine states in Burma; certain operational districts in Cambodia bordering Thailand, Laos and Viet Nam; and Tak and Kanchanaburi provinces in Thailand. PMI will also consider emergency assistance, including commodity support and technical assistance for surveillance, case management, and behavior change communication (BCC) in other GMS are as threatened by artemisinin resistance. The proposed FY 2016 PMI activities are in line with the national malaria control program strategies of the six countries and are intended to complement on going Global Fund malaria grants and contributions from other dono