Misuse of identity, especially through stolen passwords, is a primary source for cyber breaches. Enabling stronger processes to recognize a user’s identity is a key component to securing an organization’s information systems. Homeland Security Presidential Directive-12 (HSPD-12) mandated deployment of a common identity credential in 2004, which resulted in Personal Identity Verification (PIV) Cards and their supporting infrastructure. The goal was to eliminate wide variations in the quality and security of authentication mechanisms used across federal agencies as reported in chapter 1. Chapter 2 provides requirements for enrollment and identity proofing of applicants that wish to gain access to resources at each Identity Assurance Level (IAL). The requirements detail the acceptability, validation, and verification of identity evidence that will be presented by a subscriber to support their claim of identity.