If you are a health-care provider or a student who wants to understand the basics of the gut microbiome, this book is for you. If you find the scientific or media content on the gut microbiota confusing and perplexing, this book will provide you with the armamentarium to better understand it, and if you wish to know the current use of gut microbiota therapies in your field of expertise, this book gives you that concisely. All the information provided is based on the latest published scientific literature. This book presents you with a gist of more than 1,000 research publications. This book explains in an easy way the current terminologies used in the field of gut microbiome, the methods to study gut microbiota, and its role in various diseases. Concise but up-to-date sections are also included on the gut fungi and viruses. Each chapter is neatly divided into the subsections of biological plausibility and evidence from animal studies, followed by evidence from human studies and clinical trials. Such an exercise builds a clear picture in the reader’s mind regarding the importance of the gut microbiome in each disorder. The current status of gut microbiota therapies is provided at the end of each chapter. A separate chapter is also included for the microbiota therapies including prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, and FMT. It explains and discusses their advantages, shortcomings and clinical applications. Apart from gut microbiota, the reader will develop a better understanding of concepts such as endotoxemia, inflammation, insulin resistance, stress and its biology, atherosclerosis, and immune function. All of these are highly relevant to fully grasping the pathophysiology of various diseases. A better understanding leads to a better cure. This book is written by a clinician and thus is easier to understand and provides ready-to-use clinically relevant information.