In Health Challenges in the Modern Era, readers will delve into the evolving landscape of health issues, understanding the interplay of biological, environmental, and social factors, and exploring the impact of communicable and non-communicable diseases. They will also examine mental health stigma, the health challenges faced by the aging population, global health disparities, the advancements and ethical considerations surrounding health technology, and the impact of environmental health on human well-being. With a focus on health systems and policy, this comprehensive book provides insights into building resilient healthcare systems for the future.