This book discusses methods and results from the theory of homogenization and their applications to flow and transport in porous media. It offers a systematic and rigorous treatment of upscaling procedures related to physical modeling for porous media on micro-, meso- and macro-scales. The chapters are devoted to percolation, Newtonian, non-Newtonian phenomena, two phase flow, miscible displacement, thermal and elastic effects. Detailed studies of micro-structure systems and computational results for dual-porosity models are presented. This book will be of interest to readers who want to learn the main underlying ideas and concepts of modern mathematical theory, including the most recently obtained results and applications. Mathematicians, soil physicists, geo-hydrologists, chemical engineers, researchers working in an oil reservoir simulation and the environmental sciences, will find this book of particular interest.