This volume contains five chapters describing recent advances in earth science research. Chapter One describes the way of allowance for rheologic properties of layered Earth stratum in the study of seismic waves. Chapter Two defines the importance of petrological and geochemical characterization of Tisza River sediments, noting the importance of determining the origin of metals in terms of environmental protection. Chapter Three includes a deterministic seismic hazard analysis for Chhattisgarh, India. Chapter Four describes a detailed study on the lithostratigraphic units and determination of their biostratigraphic limits by detecting biofacies, particularly macrofossils, recognizing the Pleistocene and Quaternary boundary and incorporating the identification of its intervals from a lithostratigraphic point of view. Finally, Chapter Five covers the step-by-step procedure for evaluating seismic hazard in terms of peak ground acceleration at bedrock level using the classical Cornell-McGuire’s Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment method.