This critical analysis of the relationship between Christian theology and human rights is written in a lucid and accessible style, and is an excellent resource for students and academics interested in theology, human rights and the historical background to contemporary ethical debates. The author's deep understanding of the development of the idea of human rights in western society and politics, as well as the conflicts and debates associated with an idea of human rights, is clear from the outset. As well as providing a geneology of the concept of rights, Ruston surveys the ways in which this development has been closely related to the development of a just war theory, as well as making a valuable contribution to postcolonial studies by focusing on the colonisation of South America. Finally the book is not only concerned to create an historical account of the development of the idea of human rights, but also is largely concerned to show the relevance of historical debates to recent ethical questions. An excellent textbook for students of Religion and Ethics, or Human Rights and Theology. Contents: Preface 1. Liberal Ideas: Catholic Critics 2. An Awkward Embrace: The Church and Human Rights 3. Aquinas and Fair Trade Coffee Salamanca: Francisco de Vitoria 4. Rights of War 5. Encountering the Stranger 6. Vitoria's Liberties Mexico and Peru: Bartolome de Las Casas 7. Freedom and the Gospel 8. Defender and the Indians 9. Dominion, Consent and Self-Determination 10. Las Casas' Last Testimony England and Carolina: John Locke 11. Sovereign Individuals 12. God's Gift in Common 13. This Great and Natural Community 14. Property and Labour 15. The Vacant Places of America 16. Conclusions Appendix: Chronology 1492-1704