Deborah Schiffrin looks at two important tasks of language—presenting 'who' we are talking about (the referent) and 'what happened' to them (their actions and attributes) in a narrative—and explores how this presentation alters in relation to emergent forms and meanings. Drawing on examples from both face-to-face talk and public discourse, she analyzes a variety of repairs, reformulations of referents, and retellings of narratives, ranging from word-level repairs within a single turn-at-talk, to life story narratives told years apart.