The 10th International Congress on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East (ICAANE) was held in Vienna in April 2016, organized by the Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology (OREA), the Austrian Academy of Sciences with the support of the University of Vienna, a generous welcome by the City of Vienna, and the Federal Ministry for Europe, Integration and Foreign Affairs. More than 800 participants from 38 countries presented their latest research in 8 parallel sections and 28 workshops (to be published in separate volumes). Additionally, a poster section with more than 80 posters was organized - a number of them integrated here in the chapters relevant to the corresponding topics. The two-volume proceedings contain numerous contributions presented during the 10th ICAANE, giving an overview of current research, excavations and activities in Near Eastern archaeology. The first volume includes the "Statement about the Threat to Cultural Heritage in the Near East and North Africa", signed in the course of the 10th ICAANE, as well as papers of the sections Transformation & Migration, Archaeology of Religion & Ritual, Images in Context and Islamic Archaeology. The second volume is dedicated to the main topics Prehistoric and Historical Landscapes & Settlement Patterns and Economy & Society, and is completed with Excavation Reports & Summaries.