A polymer is a macromolecule that is composed of a number of repeated subunits. It is formed due to the polymerization of monomers. The description of a polymer can be done on the basis of its degree of polymerization, tacticity, molar mass distribution, degree of branching, crystallinity, melting temperature, etc. The branch of chemistry that studies the structure, properties and synthesis of polymers and macromolecules is known as polymer chemistry. The study of synthetic and organic polymeric compositions are primarily studied in this domain. This includes rubber, plastics, fibers and composites. Almost all synthetic polymers are obtained from petrochemicals. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts in the field of polymer chemistry. Most of the topics introduced herein cover new techniques and applications of this discipline. It is a complete source of knowledge on the present status of this important field.