Philip Dorroll argues that Turkish Islamic theology is in fact a distinct tradition of Islamic theological thought, shaped by the unique social conditions of the Turkish Republic. Tracking the emergence and development of this tradition over time, Dorroll examines the key themes of theology in the Turkish Republic; themes such as nationalism and democracy; conceptions of God and humanity; the definition of religion itself and theological arguments for secularism; and theologies of human rights, gender and sexuality. In doing so, he provides an important historical and conceptual map to the vast territory of modern Turkish theology.