If we consider (not without good reasons) science as a peculiar product of modernity, perhaps we could better understand the characteristics of contemporary science. However, its fruitful potential of the relationship with philosophy would remain in the shade; because, if western thought (intended as rational reflection on the real) was born in ancient Greece, a spiritual community before than territorial, the roots of scientific thought sink in the same humus. For this reason studying these roots, allows us to grasp that inseparable link that makes the philosophy of the origins and science a unity. The investigation of Pierre-Maxime Schuhl goes in this direction and is very suggestive both on the level of historical reconstruction and on the methodological one, making wise use of those auxiliary sciences that are indispensable tools for any professional historian.