• the extent to which the ICS facilitated interaction in different settings • the way in which interaction during ICS contributed to language learning • the degree in which the interaction during ICS contributed to culture learning and • the role of identity in the learning process in the ICS. The main argument of the book is that while the ICS promoted multilingual learning space for in-class and out-of-class interactions, which further facilitated language and culture learning to a great extent, Australian students’ identities and self-concepts also played a core mediating role throughout individual learning trajectories.