The Medical Society of Erie County was founded on September 1, 1821, by the first physician in Erie County, Cyrenius Chapin, MD. It began as a means of fulfilling a requirement of New York State law, since all physicians within the state were required to belong to a local medical society at that time. Through the years, the Medical Society of Erie County has been marked by innovative physician leaders who paved the way for the development of Buffalo. Notably, by 1903, Buffalo had the lowest death rate of any city of its size in the world based on the impact of Buffalo's health commissioner during the typhoid pandemic, Ernest Wende, MD. Furthermore, leaders of the Medical Society of Eric County founded the University at Buffalo School of Medicine and played a critical role in the development and advancement of Buffalo's regional hospitals, both yesterday and today. As we confront today's global pandemic, we are pleased to note that Erie County's current health commissioner, Gale Burstem, MD, MPH, is also a distinguished member of the Medical Society of Erie County. Stacey Watt, MD, MBA, FASA, made the remarkable contribution of drafting all 10 chapter introductions of this book, and the current executive director of the Medical Society of Erie County, Aimana ElBahtity, Esq., drafted the book's image narratives and back cover information. The 200th president of the Medical Society of Erie County, Robert S. Armstrong, MD, FACS, contributed the foreword. The Images of America series celebrates the history of neighborhoods, towns, and cities across the country. Using archival photographs, each title presents the distinctive stories from the past that shape the character of the community today. Arcadia is proud to play a part in the preservation of local heritage, making history available to all.