Melanoma is a form of cancer, which develops from melanocytes. It primarily occurs in the skin, but may occur rarely in the eye, mouth and intestines. Melanoma is caused mainly due to ultraviolet light exposure in individuals with low levels of skin pigment. It can also arise from a mole. Such a mole may exhibit changes in size and color, and develop irregular edges, skin breakdown or itchiness. Rare genetic defects like xeroderma pigmentosum, are associated with increased risk. The diagnosis of melanoma is through an analysis of skin lesions and biopsy. In cases where the melanoma has not spread, the prognosis is generally good, and most people survive. In people for whom the melanoma has spread, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, biologic therapy or chemotherapy can improve survival. Surgery is generally required to reduce the risk of recurrence. This book provides comprehensive insights into the current status and future perspectives in the management of melanoma. It is a collective contribution of a renowned group of international experts. This book elucidates new techniques of assessment, diagnosis and treatment of melanoma in a multidisciplinary manner.