New American Schools, a private nonprofit corporation, was created in 1991 to develop break-the-mold designs for schools serving grades K-12. This report documents the significant changes in the designs that have taken place over the initiative's life span and the reasons for those changes. The designs changed in terms of their educational components and theories. Finally, the design teams developed implementation strategies and assistance packages over time that resulted in the expansion of the design concept to the concept of design-based assistance. Some of the changes made to designs were beneficial in promoting the concept of a design-based school, especially the development of stronger curriculum packages, clearer descriptions of the designs, and significant work toward assistance for schools to adopt designs. If this reform is to succeed, policymakers must revitalize it by taking the current environment into account and helping to make it more supportive.