Geoscience is the discipline concerned with all the fields of natural science that are related to planet Earth. It studies the constitution of the Earth and its atmosphere. Geoscience, also known as Earth science, studies the physical characteristics and processes of the Earth such as earthquakes, rain, flood, fossils, etc. It is classified into four main branches of study, which are the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere. It is the study of Earth as well as its neighbours in space. It focuses on locating or developing mineral and energy resources available on or in the Earth. It analyzes the impacts of human activities on the Earth's environment and makes strategies to protect the planet. Tools from other fields such as chemistry, biology, physics, mathematics, geography, etc., are used in geoscience to understand the Earth's working and evolution. It also focuses on predicting the natural disasters like earthquakes, floods or volcanoes. This book contains some path-breaking studies in the field of geoscience. It provides significant information of this discipline and helps in developing a good understanding of it and related fields. This book will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduate and post graduate students.