Nonlinear Evolution Equations and Dynamical Systems (NEEDS) provides a presentation of the state of the art. But for some exceptions, the contributions are intentionally brief to give only the gist of the methods, proofs, etc. including references to the relevant literature. This gives a handy overview of current research activities. Hence, the book should be equally useful to the senior researcher as well as the colleague just entering the field. Topics treated: One- and multidimensional (integrable) models, geometric and algebraic methods, quantum field theory, applications to nonlinear optics, condensed matter physics, oceanography, and many others. Further keywords: Hirota bilinearity, Hamiltonians, Toda lattice, multi-dimensional inverse scattering, bifurcations, dromions, polynomial solutions, Ermakov systems, computer algebra, symplectic operators, (quantum) superalgebras, groups, Ising model.