Pediatrics is a branch of science and medicine. It deals with the treatment of diseases affecting infants, children and adolescents. A specialist in this field is known as a pediatrician. Some of the sub-specialties of pediatrics include adolescent medicine, developmental-behavioral pediatrics, headache medicine, hospice & palliative care, pediatric cardiology, pediatric hematology, pediatric rheumatology and pediatric pulmonology, among others. Whether a child meets the developmental milestones in terms of behavior, skills and growth is determined through various tests. Diphtheria, measles, poliomyelitis, whooping cough and tetanus are some diseases, which can occur in children. The prevention of these diseases through vaccination and immunization is the best line of defense against them. Therefore, an important role of a pediatrician is to design and recommend the right immunization schedules for children. This book includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to pediatrics. It strives to provide a fair idea about this discipline and to help develop a better understanding of the latest advances within this field. Doctors and students actively engaged in this field will find this book full of crucial and unexplored concepts.