The day to day healthcare given by a healthcare provider is referred to as primary care medicine. It includes health promotion, diagnosis and prevention of chronic and acute illness, counseling and patient education in various healthcare settings, etc. The four different areas of primary care are family medicine, pediatrics, internal medicine, and obstetrics and gynecology. Family medicine provides medical care to the entire family and internal care provides primary medical care to adults. There are a few more specialized areas of healthcare which can be dealt with under family medicine such as eating disorders, hepatitis C and infertility. Pediatrics focuses on the primary care of infants, children and adolescents. Obstetrics and gynecology is concerned with the reproductive health of women in addition to offering family planning services. This book unfolds the innovative aspects of primary care medicine which will be crucial for the progress of this field in the future. Such selected concepts that redefine this field have been presented herein. This book attempts to further enlighten the readers about the new aspects in this area.