The First Neapolitan Congress of Egyptology held in Naples, Italy in 2008 constitutes one of the former international projects promoted by the Neapolitan Association for Egyptological Studies (A.N.S.E.) and was devoted to the diffusion of the most recent scientific and research activities carried out by Italian and International Universities and Research Institutes. The contributions span all periods and geographic areas of Ancient Egypt, spreading from the pre-dynastic age to the Coptic era, with a particular focus on new, unpublished data. These include archaeological activities in the royal pre-dynastic cemeteries in Hierakompolis and Abydos; new investigations in the Oasis, the Delta and the Red Sea; updated studies on the chronology, art, architecture and ideology of the Old, Middle and New Kingdom; textual and philological analysis of literary sources like the Pyramid Texts; and the latest researches in some of the most important sites of Sudan. The congress was also the occasion to draw attention to some unknown archaeological and textual material which comes from the Vesuvian Area and is kept in the Archaeological Museum and the National Library in Naples.