The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs located on either side of the spine, which filter blood in the human body. They are responsible for maintaining proper electrolyte levels, eliminating waste and regulating fluid balance in the body. The condition wherein the kidneys cannot filter the blood properly due to an injury is called renal disease or kidney disease. Renal diseases are classified into two categories, namely, acute kidney diseases and chronic kidney diseases. Kidneys can regenerate after an incident of acute kidney disease provided injury is not severe. In circumstances where the kidneys are not capable of producing new nephrons, and incidents of acute kidney disease occurs frequently, it can lead to chronic kidney disease and renal fibrosis. People who have diabetes, high blood pressure or heart disease, have a family history of kidney disease, or are over the age 60, are at a higher risk of chronic kidney disease. This book unravels the recent studies on renal diseases. Its extensive content provides the readers with a thorough understanding of these diseases, their pathology, diagnosis, and management.