This Research Handbook covers the theoretical foundations of the discipline; methodological problems; the effects of modernisation; educational systems; benefits of continued education; migration and social integration; and wider policy implications. Chapters discuss education as a life-long process as well as adults returning to education. Schools, families and other social contexts and influences are also considered, as well as skills formation and ways to measure achievement. Offering an analysis of policy outcomes from an empirical social-scientific perspective and emphasising the impact of social and ethnic inequality in educational opportunity, this influential Research Handbook defines the discipline and its agenda for future research. Researchers and students interested in education, sociology and social policy including the effects of inequality will find this Research Handbook a highly relevant reference tool. It also offers an important message for policy makers and other stakeholders in the field of educational policy and training.