The purpose of the book is to describe modern approaches to rhythm control for atrial fibrillation, discussing the strengths and the points of weakness of each. To do so properly, the first part of the book discusses the theoretical electrophysiological models of this arrhythmia, their development over the past century, their points of contact and divergence. The following parts describe the non pharmacological approaches to rhythm control, the antiarrhythmic drugs and the invasive strategies, citing the evidence they are backed by and explaining their mechanisms, their targets and the subpopulations they should be better addressed to.