The key features of this book are: •Systematically introducing major components of SPM process. •Novel hybrid methods (228 hybrids plus numerous variants) of modern statistical methods or machine learning methods with mathematical and/or univariate geostatistical methods. •Novel predictive accuracy-based variable selection techniques for spatial predictive methods. •Predictive accuracy-based parameter/model optimization. •Reproducible examples for SPM of various data types in R. This book provides guidelines, recommendations, and reproducible examples for developing optimal predictive models by considering various components and associated factors for quality-improved spatial predictions. It provides valuable tools for researchers, modelers, and university students not only in SPM field but also in other predictive modeling fields. Dr Li has produced over 100 various publications in spatial predictive modelling, statistical computing, ecological and environmental modelling, and ecology, developed a number of hybrid methods for SPM, and published four R packages for variable selections as well as SPM.