Optimization problems arising in practice involve random model parameters. For the computation of robust optimal solutions, i.e., optimal solutions being insenistive with respect to random parameter variations, appropriate deterministic substitute problems are needed. Based on the probability distribution of the random data, and using decision theoretical concepts, optimization problems under shastic uncertainty are converted into appropriate deterministic substitute problems. Due to the occurring probabilities and expectations, approximative solution techniques must be applied. Several deterministic and shastic approximation methods are provided: Taylor expansion methods, regression and response surface methods (RSM), probability inequalities, multiple linearization of survival/failure domains, discretization methods, convex approximation/deterministic descent directions/efficient points, shastic approximation and gradient procedures, differentiation formulas for probabilities and expectations.